Battery Testing
Posted on June 04, 2010
ChargeCar Team
The Scion has been exhibiting very disappointing range, and we began to suspect that the batteries' performance was degrading under heavy loads. This prompted us to perform some stress-testing on the batteries to see how they would hold up under the high currents we have observed in typical driving conditions. The Scion was using four, 75Ah Optima Blue Top, AGM SpiralCall batteries (0.9kWh nominal per battery). We built an experimental rig in which we drew high currents from the batteries through strands of copper-nickel resistance wires immersed in water. By monitoring the temperature rise of the water, we tracked the energy being drawn from the batteries, and we also measured the voltage and current outputs of the battery. It is known that at high currents something called the Peukert Effect takes hold in batteries, which reduces their effective capacity according to a polynomial equation. The manufacturer of our batteries provides the Peukert Coefficient we needed to model the battery performance at high currents, but we observed that the performance of the batteries was even worse than this effect predicted. This data suggest that the Peukert model is insufficient for modelling these batteries, and we will need a more sophisticated model for our physics simulation. The main lesson learned, though, is that high currents are heavy for any battery to bear, and therefore our supercapacitor-battery system may be a real win in terms of extending the life and increasing the efficiency of battery packs.
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